Python is a dynamically semantic, interpreted, object-oriented high-level programming language. Its high-level built-in data structures, together with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, making it ideal for Rapid Application Development and as a scripting or glue language for connecting existing components. Python's easy-to-learn syntax prioritizes readability, which lowers software maintenance costs. Modules and packages are supported by Python, which fosters program modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and its substantial standard library are free to download and distribute in source or binary form for all major platforms.
Python has a wide range of applications that can have a significant impact. Here is a list of common fields where Python is used:
As a web developer, you can select from a variety of web frameworks while using Python as a server-side programming language. Python programmers are fond of Django and Flask. Django is a full-stack Python web framework used to create complex large web applications, whereas Flask is a lightweight and extensible Python web framework used to create simple web applications because it is easier to learn and is more Python-based. It's a good place to start for newcomers. The Django framework is used by application giants such as YouTube, Spotify, Mozilla, Dropbox, and Instagram, whereas the Flask framework is used by Airbnb, Netflix, Uber, and Samsung.
Python includes tools for nearly every aspect of scientific computing. Python is used by Bank of America to crunch financial data, and Facebook relies on the Python liary Pandas for data analysis. While there are numerous libraries for performing data analysis in Python, here are a few to get you started:
NumPy: NumPy is required for scientific computing with Python. It supports large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, as well as a variety of high-level mathematical functions for working with these arrays.
SciPy: is a Python library that works with NumPy arrays and provides efficient numerical integration and optimization routines. Pandas: Pandas, which is built on NumPy, provides data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series.
Matplotlib: A 2D plotting library that can generate data visualizations such as histograms, power spectra, bar charts, and scatterplots from a few lines of code. Games Python and Pygame are excellent languages and frameworks for rapid game prototyping or for teaching beginners how to create simple games.
Toontown Online, a popular Disney multiplayer online role-playing game, is written in Python and uses Panda3D for graphics. Python is used for all of the add-ons and a lot of the functionality in Battlefield 2, a first-person shooter military simulator video game.
Pygame: is a Python programming language library for creating multimedia applications such as games. It is free and open-source.
Python is a very accessible language, so there are many great libraries built on top of it to make your life easier. A large number of Python libraries are available to assist you in focusing on more exciting things rather than reinventing the wheel.
Python is also an excellent wrapper language for working with more efficient C/C++ algorithm implementations and CUDA/cuDNN, which is why existing machine learning and deep learning libraries run efficiently in Python. This is also critical for those working in the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Python has several basic features that will assist you in writing your own Python program applications. If you've worked with another programming language, you might be familiar with these terms:-
In Python, comments are lines of code that are ignored by the compiler during program execution. Comments improve code readability and assist programmers in thoroughly understanding the code. In Python, there are three types of comments:-
Single line Comments
Multiline Comments
Docstring Comments
In Python, keywords are predefined and reserved words with specific meanings. The syntax of the coding is defined by keywords. The keyword is not allowed to be used as an identifier, function name, or variable name. Except for True and False, all keywords in Python are written in lower case. Python 3.7 contains 33 keywords.
An identifier is a name that is used to identify a variable, function, class, or module, among other things. The identifier is a string of character digits followed by an underscore. The identifier should begin with a character or an Underscore and end with a digit. A-Z or a-z, an UnderScore (_), and digits are the characters (0-9). Special characters (#, @, $, percent,!) should not be used in identifiers.
A variable is a named location in memory where data is stored. Variables can be thought of as a container for data hat can be changed later in the program. For example:- num = 5; Here, we have created a variable named num. We have assigned the value 5 to the variable.
A constant is a variable whose value cannot be altered. Constants can be thought of as containers that hold information that cannot be changed later.
Literals are the raw data that are assigned to variables or constants while programming. In python, we have different types of literals such as string literals, numeric literals, boolean literals, and a special literal None.
The classification or categorization of data items is referred to as data types. It represents the type of value that specifies which operations can be performed on a given piece of data. Because everything in Python programming is an object, data types are actually classes, and variables are instances (objects) of these classes.
Python's standard or built-in data types are as follows:-
Numeric
Sequence Type
Boolean
Set
Dictionary
The control flow of a program in the order in which the program's code executes. The control flow of a Python program is regulated by conditional statements, loops, and function calls.
Python has three types of control structures:
Sequential - default mode
Selection - used for decisions and branching
Repetition - used for looping, i.e., repeating a piece of code multiple times.
A function is a piece of code that only runs when it is called. A function can accept data in the form of parameters. As a result of its operation, a function can return data.
A class is a blueprint or prototype from which objects can be created. Classes allow you to group data and functionality together. Creating a new class creates a new type of object, allowing for the creation of new instances of that type. Each class instance can have attributes attached to it in order to keep track of its state. Class instances can also have methods for modifying their state (defined by their class).
An Object is a subset of a Class. A class is similar to a blueprint, whereas an instance is a copy of the class that contains actual values. program.
An exception is defined as an unusual condition in a program that causes the program's flow to be interrupted. When an exception occurs, the program halts execution, and the subsequent code is not executed. As a result, run-time errors that cannot be handled by the Python script are an exception. A Python object that represents an error is known as an exception. Python provides a method for handling exceptions so that the code can continue to run uninterrupted. If we do not handle the exception, the interpreter does not run all of the code that follows the exception.
Python, like many other programming languages, supports file handling and allows users to read and write files, as well as perform other file-related operations. The concept of file handling has spread to many other languages, but the implementation is either complicated or lengthy, but this concept, like many others in Python, is simple and short. Python treats files differently depending on whether they are text or binary, which is important. Each line of code contains a sequence of characters that together form a text file. Each line of a file is terminated by a special character known as the EOL or End of Line character, which can be a comma or a newline character. It terminates the current line and informs the interpreter that a new one has begun.